Falls are the leading cause of injury related deaths and brain injuries in the U.S. One third of adults age 65 and older fall each year and 20-30% suffer moderate to severe injuries. Falls account for 40% of long term care admissions.

There are several risk factors that can lead to repeated falls, including impaired vision, taking 4 or more medications and being 65 and older. Lack of muscle strength and flexibility can also be contributors to falls. Many balance issues go untreated other than handing out assistive devices such as walkers and canes.

The fear of falling can produce a downward spiral of decreased activity which leads to loss of strength and mobility. This can become a vicious cycle of decreased function and increased risk for falls. Staying physically active and exercising regularly can help prevent falls and related injuries. Physical Therapy can be beneficial in teaching appropriate exercises and balance activities to prevent falls.

Things you can do to prevent falls

• Exercise Regularly
• Wear shoes that:
  - Fit well
  - Have supportive counters
  - Low, wide heels
  - Slip resistant heels
• Wear clothing that does not restrict movement:  Avoid loose clothing that could pose a trip hazard.
• Check with your doctor and reduce medications if possible
• Install grab bars and non skid tape in your tub or shower
• Remove throw rugs and loose cords/wires
• Minimize clutter in rooms
• Keep furniture in accustomed place
• Make sure rugs are anchored and not loose
• Use night light in bathroom
• Use light if you are up to go to the restroom.  Remember how vision affects balance.
• Use railing on stairs

By Stuart Basom, P.T.